Ethics Awareness Inventory Assessment of a Person - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 716 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Analytics Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Customer Service Essay Did you like this example? ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE The Ethics Awareness Inventory is assessment of a person’s ethical perspective. This report is tool that analyzes the way a person perceives what is right from wrong. The report focuses on a person’s judgment and how he or she makes ethical decisions. This report shows how a person handles conflicts ethically. The report can be used to enhance a person’s outlook and approach on ethical issues. I am in agreement with the report because I make my ethical decisions based upon obligations. The Ethical Awareness Inventory assessment will permit me to enhance my attentiveness towards ethical issues. According to the Ethics Awareness Inventory I base my ethical perspectives upon obligation what is right. I make my decisions according to what I think is right from wrong. I look for a person’s intent behind his or her actions rather than emphasizing on outcome. â€Å"In, other words, to be considered ethical, we must choose how we ac t and what rules we are willing to follow. † (Ethical Awareness) For example, when I am faced with an ethical dilemma I think about being obligated to do what is right and then I make my final decision. a. Character/virtue The ethical perspectives based upon character consist of â€Å"what is good to be, rather than what is good to do. † (Ethical Awareness) People who base their ethical perspective upon character consider that ethics should be attained by honorable excellence. They look past ones actions and based their decisions upon a person’s character. Within a workplace environment, if a manager was to provide a refund for services to an unsatisfied customer, the manager would make his or her determination based upon defending the disposition and honor of all entities connected to the judgment. Ethical Awareness) For example, within my childcare business, if a client requests a refund for services rendered of childcare fees, as a manager I would have take into consideration the character of all parties involved when making my determination. b. Obligation/deontology Ethical perspectives that are based upon obligation emphasizes on morally correct and symbolizes what logic people out must ethically do. People believe that moral behavior influences the scruples. Within the workplace a manager would focus on making his or her determination as if he or she was in the consumer shoes and recognize the purpose and the determination to treat the consumer with excellence. (Ethical Awareness) For example, within my daycare business, if a client requests a refund for services rendered of childcare fees, as a manager I would base my decision upon what I would feel if I was in my client’s shoes and honor his or her refund request. c. Results/utilitarianism Ethical perspectives that are based upon results focuses on consequences of one’s action. These people consider that behavior ought to be aimed at endorsing the supreme exce llence in support of maximum number of persons. When making ethical determination in people, they look for solid evidence. Within the workplace a manager may choose not to provide a refund to a consumer based upon an organization â€Å"no refund – no exception† written policies. For example, within my daycare business, if a client requests a refund for services rendered of childcare fees and I had written â€Å"no refund – no exception† within my handbook, as a manager I would not honor my clients refund based upon the written â€Å"no refund – non exception† policies. . Equity/relativism Ethical perspectives that are based upon equity emphasize on apprehension for insecurity of facts, the ambiguity of individual opinion, and the deficient of those who can actually be eligible as specialist in sensitivity of right from wrong. Within the workplace a manager would choose to possibly making remedial clarifications which can be warranted with ef fective communication. Ethical Awareness) For example, within my daycare business, if a client requests a refund for services rendered of childcare fees, as a manager I would take into consideration how to effectively correct the problem and communicate a solution. Finally, every employee within the workplace must possess knowledge to effectively make solid decisions that are ethical. They must be conscious of their individual opinions and make a determination based upon morality. By methodically establishing ethics within the workplace organizations are able to gain control and power within its environment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethics Awareness Inventory: Assessment of a Person" essay for you Create order

The Constructivist Theory and Brain Development Essay

The idea of epigenesis has become well known as an integral part of the constructivist theory which states that neural activity within the brain is largely spontaneous, driven by genetic and molecular instances (Mareschal, D., Johnson, M.H., Grayson, A., 2004). However, after birth, the neural activity is influenced by sensory and motor experience and the outside environment (Mareschal et al, 2004). Epigenesis is what the constructivist theory is about, the interaction between genes and the environment. A study done by Petersen et al used PET, or positron emission tomography, to understand the responses of native English adult speakers to written stimuli in the form of English words, pseudowords or words that had no meaning but could†¦show more content†¦During development, the temporal lobe is most responsible for responding to auditory (hearing) information, however for those who cannot hear, this section was used for a different sense (Mareschal et al, 2004). This sh ows that the temporal lobe in the brain, although genetically made to hear, had used the child’s sensory experience to become prominently involved with visual processing, or in other words, adapted to the environment that the child was in. If the brain was already made for development and not influenced by the outside world and environment, it would seem to be nearly impossible for a hearing part of the brain to adapt to only visual processing. Lastly, there was a study done by Mills that tested language acquisition in children, which also showed a link to epigenesis in development. This study concluded that with experience, certain types of processing in the brain are performed by more localised regions of the cortex (Mills, D.M, Coffey, S.A, Neville, H.J., 1993). The researchers collected data from ERPs that suggested processing of small words and control stimuli is spread over a large area of the cortex at first, however, this processing narrows to an area over the lef t temporal lobe only when the child’s vocabulary reaches about 200 words, regardless of the child’s age (Mareschal et al, 2004). One could argue that if this narrowing of processing of words happens at a particular age, then that area of theShow MoreRelatedConstructivist Learning Theory And Nursing Practice1520 Words   |  7 Pagesup-to-date. â€Å"Theory-based practice provides nurses with a perspective† (Parker, 2006, p.28). With the comprehension and use of educational theories, nursing educators can support student knowledge and development into practice. These theories are outlines of cohesive concepts and principals that describe, explain, or predict how people learn. Every one learns differently and as an educator you need to be familiarized with and open to the use of one or more combinations of theories to successfullyRead MoreCurrent Developments During The Secondary Students And How These Injuries Are Sustained Traumatic Brain Injuries?850 Words   |  4 PagesCurrent Developments in Health Studies- Methodology The focus of this research is to understand the challenges traumatic brain injuries present to post-secondary students and how these injuries are a considerable element to their psychosocial, physical and emotional well-being. Theoretical and Methodological Assumptions An interpretive framework will guide this research with a specific focus on the disability theory. This theory centers on human difference as opposed to defect (Creswell, 2013)Read MoreEssay about What Is Constructivism3002 Words   |  13 Pageschild grow from infancy to toddler hood, we marvel at the amount of learning that has allowed her to understand her expanding environment. Those early years provide the basis for language, physical dexterity, social understanding, and emotional development that she will use for the rest of her life. All of this knowledge is acquired before she even sets foot in school! This child has taught herself by gathering information and experiencing the world around her. This is an example of constructivismRead MoreThrough The Collaborative Efforts Of Psychologists Jean1010 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the collaborative efforts of psychologists Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, philosopher Ernst von Glasersfeld and many other contributing research ers, Constructivism has become a successful and supported learning theory. It has been conducted off biological and evolutionary research on cognitive science and developed by researching its role in the representation of learning (Fosnot Perry, 1996). As M. Gail Jones and Laura Brader-Araje (2002) discovered, Constructivism’s success was found dueRead MoreLearning Theories Essay6222 Words   |  25 PagesLearning Theories   †¢ The Technological Revolution †¢ The Spectrum of Learning Theories †¢ Behaviorism †¢ Constructivism †¢ Fitting the Other Theories into the Spectrum †¢ Theory of Multiple Intelligence †¢ Learning Theories and the Brain †¢ Brain Structures †¢ Implications for Learning Theory †¢ Implications for Multimedia †¢ References    By Darren Forrester Noel Jantzie Kilde: http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/%7Egnjantzi/learning_theories.htm    ThisRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning And The Skinner Box1707 Words   |  7 Pagescontributed to education. BF Skinner, William Glasser, John Dewey, and Lev Vygotski are four notorious men in the history and impact of education. Bf Skinner (1904) was a behaviorist who his most widely known for his theory of operant conditioning and the Skinner box. His created this theory to study human behavior. Operant conditioning includes positive and negative reinforcement as well as positive and negative punishment. Positive reinforcement is giving a person a reward when the child behaves wellRead MorePiaget Of A Child s Brain Development Theory1057 Words   |  5 Pagesare constantly learning about new theories and expanding the knowledge on those that we already know, about the physical and mental development of Children. Through past and present theorists, we are shown whole new aspects of how a child develops to make up the being that they become. Through Piaget’s †˜Congnitive development theory’ we are shown the stages of a child’s brain development with a strong focus on the ages newborn – 11 years onwards. Piaget’s main theory is that children are able to constructRead MoreThe Philosophical Underpinnings Of Trauma Informed Care1529 Words   |  7 Pageslate 1990s and early 2000s, social work and mental health professionals began to articulate organizational frameworks for delivery of trauma informed care, as well as conceptual models based on scientific evidence about how traumatic stress impacts brains and behavior (Bloom, 1997; Harris Fallot, 2001; Covington, 2002; Rivard, Bloom, Abramovitz, 2003; Ko, Ford, Kassam-Adams, et al. 2008; Bloom, 2010). In 1998, SAMHSA launched the Women, Co-Occurring Disorders and Violence study, a seminal studyRead MoreChildren With Learning And Developmental Disorders1410 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Constructivist, Developmental, Social, and Behaviorist Learning Theories as fut ure educators is crucial to our teaching methods. We must understand how students learn in order to provide for their needs as learners. These theories will continue to shape our learners each and every day. Effective teachers will effectively implement these learning theories into their classrooms in order to promote success and achievement for their students. Constructivist and Social Learning Theory LearningRead MoreTeaching Philosophy, Theories, And Pedagogies Work For Your Teaching Style Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesto discover what teaching philosophy, theories, and pedagogies work for your teaching style. â€Å"The best way to teach† is unique to each individual teacher. Even so, there are some aspects of teaching that are important to being an effective teacher. Some of the facets I will be discussing include understanding the Concordia University Educator as Professional Decision Maker, Reflective†¨Practitioner, and Adaptive Expert conceptual framework, learning theories to consider, and effective classroom practices

A Guide to Essay Topics for Frankenstein

A Guide to Essay Topics for Frankenstein Life, Death, and Essay Topics for Frankenstein Frankenstein is recognized to be among the Gothic novel expressions and it's suited for a great deal of characteristics found in a Romantic novel. Among the prominent themes of Frankenstein is the issue of human existence and religion generally speaking. Analyze the essence of the betrayal and show the way that it contributes to the significance of the work for a whole. Go over the role that nature plays within this novel. The creature did not need to live because it knows that it cannot integrate into society and so will reside in seclusion for the remainder of its life. Talk about the character of betrayal. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Essay Topics for Frankenstein As a means to pass time, they'd take part in discussions covering different topics, including scientific theories. If there are a number of difficulties in choosing the subject, concentrate on the one which reflects your personality and interests. Together with the topics, you'd discover loads of papers free of charge. While selecting a topic be sure you completely understand it. When the preparation steps are taken, you should begin writing. If you wish to succeed within this endeavor, you should organize your work in a specific manner. The writing process is a little tricky, but should you understand how to do it, you won't have a tough time composing it. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of Victor's compliance. Is the monster deserve to get referred to as a masterpiece. Frankenstein falls so ill looking because of his monster he eventually dies. Not only Frankenstein dies on account of the monster, but his buddies and family are killed too. Place Frankenstein's creature these days. Though the idea was supposed to produce a horror story as swiftly as possible, Mary was unable to begin her work until later in the year due to what lots of people consider a writer's block. Actually, the story of Mary Shelley is only a sad omen of what is occuring in the twentieth century. In addition, she uses dialogue to provide the thoughts of other characters, such as the monster. Talk about the effect on Elizabeth. Argue that Dr. Frankenstein and Faust share the identical tragic flaws, or they aren't, ultimately, alike. Frankenstein is a scientist who wants to bring wisdom and life by producing the monster. Frankenstein is believed to be the modern Prometheus. Victor Frankenstein is the true monster. By doing such thing it gets rid of the terrible reputation that he'll have and that's all he really is thinking about. It's not their fault they can't write. The sort of essay you're looking for will be offered to you within the deadline offered to you. Now you can get genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done too. Write about what would occur if Victor produced a lady monster. Try out these tested suggestions to help beat writer's block. Ideal for students who must compose Frankenstein essays. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a particular topic. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. Studying only will help improve your abilities.

My First Accident free essay sample

Disappointment, disbelief, and fear filled my mind as I stood next to my destroyed car. After a few seconds, bad emotions started running through my mind. It was a beautiful hot summer day in July. I was driving home from a fun filled day with friends on the lake, unfortunately I did not make it home right after because I was involved a car accident. What happened that afternoon changed the way I drive, taught me some valuable lessons and came to the conclusion that life is too short to take things for granted. I was coming over a hill when all of a sudden the car in front of me made a sudden stop. I instantly collided with the car. The sick rush of nervousness flowed through my body. I immediately thought to myself, â€Å"Oh no, my parents are going to kill me. Why did this have to happen to me?† I started shuffling though my purse looking for my cell phone. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Accident or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I find it and instantly call my Mother. â€Å"Hello† my mom said, trying to get the words out through all my tears. I said â€Å"Mom, I was just in an accident.† She tried to calm me down with the words of â€Å"Are you okay? I respond by saying, â€Å"I never want to drive again.† That is when all the bad thoughts starting kicking in. At this point, I am shaking uncontrollably as I manage to try and get out of my car. The lady from the other vehicle runs over to me, and as her voice stutters, manages to ask, â€Å"are you hurt?†. In fear, I respond by saying, â€Å"I’m alright, just a little scared.† As I am trying to get out of the car, the door won’t budge. At this point, I climb over and go out through my back passenger door only to see the whole front side of my car smashed in and glass shattered from the impact. Liquids are starting to flow from underneath my car. In a short distance I begin to see the red and blue lights coming. I waited for the police officer to walk over and approach me, as everything was about to unfold from what just happened. Thinking back to that hot summer day in July, I come to my senses that life’s lessons are to be taken seriously. The accident has taught me to be wiser with my actions; it has taught me that driving is a privilege and not just a game to play. As I close, I can’t express enough as to how this experience has changed me as a person. Attending college at the UW-Milwaukee will be one privilege I challenge myself to, knowing there will be plenty of ups and downs to deal with. I look forward to it and to whatever may hold for my future!

Opinion on Fisher v. Texas

The case of Fisher vs. Texas Affirmative Action was used as a defense in a race matter. Affirmative Action was created in order to make sure that certain populations or groups of people of specific race are not outnumbered by the predominant people. It came into existence in order to battle discrimination that was developing in the last decades.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Opinion on Fisher v. Texas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also includes gender and allows for specific criteria to be used when selecting people for employment or other reasons. Initially, supreme courts were defending places that implemented such policies due to the fact that there was a group that would negatively interact with the minority at a specific location. This led to many cases that were won according to the procedures. Fisher vs. Texas has established case law through another matter—Grutter v. Bollinger, which w as of the same scope. As a result, a Caucasian woman was rejected to enroll in University of Texas according to her race. This was thought to be a positive influence on the local community, but she decided to file an appeal. It is crucial to note that as soon as the Affirmative Action policy was implemented, it raised some debate with regard to its ethics and morals. This criticism is far reaching, as all the cases were handled with due process and fairness of the law. From one point it is difficult to see how any segregation can be a positive thing. Not allowing any group to de admitted, even if there is a greater number of people of any race, is still discrimination.[1] This case is important because it has historical significance in relation to other similar cases, especially amongst teaching institutions. People should not be denied education in case they are different from the desired group. Also, it is close to impossible to establish if there are any benefits is segregating c ertain underrepresented groups within a community. There are various constitutional issues that are connected to this legislation. These arguments focus on the consistency of the legislation with the constitution. This policy needs to be amended because it violates the rights of people. The criteria for deciding whether the policy should be adjusted are to be established, so that the evaluation for probability of representation is conducted in tandem with the court hearing. The court should apply the law to those areas where discrimination is harming people and preventing them from getting into a community. At the same time, the circumstances of the case play an important role, as even sometimes there could be factors that might turn out to be negative. For example, if the woman would be harassed because of the particular environment she was getting herself in, it could be wiser to acknowledge the possibility that it will happen.Advertising Looking for assessment on political s ciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As long as she received the proper knowledge about the situation and gets a chance to decide for herself, then it would be appropriate. Overall, the system should consider the reasons and the existing consequences. The Affirmative Action policy works only for special cases. Its weaknesses outweigh the perceived benefits. The initiation of this policy reflects a fault in the judiciary system, as it fails to live up to the expectation of the society and the multicultural location of some public institutions. Not to mention that is clearly victimizes individuals who are rightfully entitled to freedom and a fair chance at employment or education. Changes in the facilities must be made to ensure that people undergo environmental assimilation once they pass through the system.[2] If the matter was upheld, the society would be affected in a negative way. Places where people of specific race would w ant to exclude everyone else would appear. This would provide for unfair distribution of resources and access to specific facilities or other places. The society must understand that visual differences are only topical and in order to change the social fabric of a nation, people must be educated about the true differences between people and the value of race. The court has to perceive a high degree surety that the probability of the personal, physical or mental harm is inevitable. However, there is sometimes likelihood that a judge may commit fundamental attribution error in his or her decision to apply Affirmative Action, leading to unfair treatment and rights violations. Sometimes the evidence presented points in the wrong direction and does not allow objective and fair decision to be made. People of social and psychological education are often instrumental in providing testimony, but their perspective or recollection of events might be skewed from the truth. Sufficient studies an d research must be objectionable and give full credit to people who want to enter a specific community that might want to implement the policy. Overall, each case is unique and should be closely taken apart. Bibliography Barnett, Hilarie. Constitutional Administrative Law. London, England: Routledge, 2012. â€Å"Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin et al.† Supreme Court of the United States, 2012. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/11-345_l5gm.pdfAdvertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Opinion on Fisher v. Texas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Footnotes â€Å"Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin et al.† Supreme Court of the United States, 2012. Hilaire Barnett. Constitutional Administrative Law. (London, England: Routledge, 2012). This assessment on Opinion on Fisher v. Texas was written and submitted by user Livia Hobbs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Essays

Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Essays Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Essay Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Essay Essay Topic: Argumentative Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages. Bilingual Education is being taught school subjects in two different languages. The United States is home to millions of immigrants each with their own native backgrounds. The United States require the immigrants to learn the full English languages when settling into the country. The schools should give the opportunity to bilingual students, or new student immigrants the advantage to learn the English language or to be taught in two different languages. This would give the students the advantage in learning two different languages that will help them in the future. They should be able to learn their own native language and speak it in private but also in public, however, they should also be taught the English language whether when entering the country, school, or private tutoring. Bilingual Education should not be forced by the government; it should be their own free chose. As the immigrants become more fluent in the English language they will have a better chance getting jobs, communication, and helping their own children learn the English language. The United States should not focus only on English Only Movement they should offer the opportunity of Bilingual Education for its citizens, but also keeping English as one of the main languages in the country. First, the United States needs not to focus on making English the only language but work more on helping the new immigrants learn the English language. The United States needs to do more to prevent the problem of immigrants in the United States having trouble getting jobs or keeping up in the classroom because they are not fluent in English. If the immigrants were taught the full English language coming into the country it will help the children in the classroom learn easier by keeping up with the teacher and also give the parents the advantage to communicate with their childrens teachers. T he immigrants have a

Experimental Design Questions in ACT Science

Experimental Design Questions in ACT Science SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Every day you have a plan: whether it’s going to school or the movies. You make plans if you don’t already have a plan.Scientists / Researchers are major planners and control-freaks (get it science nerds?). The ACT Science section asks you to figure out what that plan was and how it could hypothetically change.These two types of questions are typically found in Research Summaries Passages. To learn more about this type of passage and learn useful ACT Science tips, check out the 3 types of ACT Science passages. In this article, I'll cover: The Two Types of Studies Independent and Dependent Variables Comparing and Contrasting Experiments Questions Questions about: Why did the Scientist/Student do X? Questions about hypothetical changes to the experiment Throughout the article, I'll dive into real ACT Science practice questions and provide ACT Science strategies along the way. The Two Types of Studies Observational vs. Experimental In Observational studies, scientists simply collect data and study differences.For example, there is an ACT Science passage about measuring the beak depths of finches from different neighboring islands. In Experimental studies, scientists create an experiment where they choose to change certain variables and see how the result changes in response.For example, there is an ACT Science article about giving tadpoles varying amounts of a certain chemical and seeing how it affects their transformation into frogs. Man, I'd hate to be a tadpole under his microscope. In both Observational and Experimental studies, scientists are looking for the differences between different conditions.It's not that meaningful to just provide a single data point - for example, "finches on Island A had an average beak depth of 8 mm."OK, great - what does this mean? Is 8 mm large or small? -Without comparisons, it's hard to know the importance or meaning of a study. Scientists do compare apples and oranges. Therefore, scientists will take multiple data points in different scenarios, and then the scientists compare them.The ACT Science passage on finches shows that "finches on Island A have an average beak depth of 8 mm while finches from Island B have an average beak depth of 9 mm."Now, we can compare the two.Island B finches have a larger average beak depth than Island A finches. This is also where study design differs - scientists will study different aspects of the same general field to find different answers.In an ACT science passage, you'll typically see multiple experiments and studies within a single passage (Particularly in Research Summaries and Data Representation Passages - again for more information about the 3 types of passages in the act science section click here).They will be labeled Experiment 1 / 2 / 3 or Study 1 / 2 / 3.Each experiment or study will be related to each other, but different in major ways.The experiments may measure the same change but use different independent variables, which we will discuss next: Independent and Dependent Variables In experiments, scientists are often changing experimental variables and seeing how the response changes.The variables that the scientists actively change are the independent variables.The variables that they then observe are the dependent variables.Here's an example: Scientist 1 is running an experiment to see how fast a rubber ball rolls down an incline.For each trial of the experiment, Scientist 1 uses different inclines of specific angles.Scientist 1 tested an incline of 10, 25, and 50 degrees. The scientist then timed how fast it took for the ball to roll from the top to the bottom of the incline.What do you think are the independent and dependent variables here? The independent variable is what the scientist is controlling. In this case, Scientist 1 is controlling the degree of the incline.The dependent variableis what the scientist is observing.In this case, Scientist 1 is observing how fast the ball rolls down the incline.It is as simple as that! Scientists might conduct experiments with more complicated scenarios like circuits or heat transfers, but the concept is the same. ACT Science Tip #1: data points are often graphed on an XY-graph, and independent variables are usually on the x-axis and dependent variables on the y-axis. ACT Science Tip #2: in observational studies, researchers don't have independent and dependent variables, as they don't really control what they are studying - they're just observing.But don't worry - the ACT won't ask you to make this distinction; this note is just to improve your understanding of how experiments work.Let’s attempt one of the ACT Science practice questions that asks us about the experimental variables: Let’s start by figuring out what the question is asking us: in Experiment 2, which chemical was the titrant and which was the sample solution? Idon’t know what titrant and sample solution mean. We need to start by figuring out what titrant and sample solution mean in the context of the experiment. ACT Science Tip #3: my recommended ACT Science strategies begin with using the visuals to try to answer all ACT Science questions. However, you could not figure this out by looking at the visual, so you needed to skim.Starting with Experiment 2, since that is what the question is asking about, we skim this, This is helpful because it tells us acetic acid is one of the solutions in Experiment 2 instead of HCl, but it doesn’t tell us whether it was the titrant or sample solution.However, even without knowing which it is, because acetic acid is only mentioned in answer choices A and C, we can eliminate choices B and D.We also learned that HCl was not used because it says acetic acid was used instead, but this doesn’t help us yet. Since HCl is not used in answer choice A or C.To figure out whether acetic acid is the titrant or sample solution, we must skim the rest of the passage.In the introduction, it had this helpful tidbit: We now know that titrant means the added solution andsample solution is the solution to which the titrant is added.Now, let’s skim Experiment 1 for more information because we still don’t know the answer. So, in the original experiment, Experiment 1, NaOH solution was added to HCl solution.According to what we just skimmed and the introduction, this would mean that NaOH is the titrant since it is being added.HCl is the sample solution since the NaOH is being added to it.This is very helpful! We know that in Experiment 2 the same procedure was repeated only using acetic acid instead of HCl. NaOH remains the titrant, and acetic acid replaces HCl as the sample solution.Therefore, the answer is C. ACT Science Tips / Strategies for Variable Questions: When trying to answer questions about experimental variables, start by dissecting the question. Ask yourself is it asking about the independent or dependent variable or both? Which experiment/study is it referring to? Next, look at the corresponding visuals for help answering the question. If you need more information, skim the passage, start by skimming the experiment or study that the question asks about. Skim the rest of the passage if you still haven’t found what you are looking for. Use process of elimination to help you narrow your focus. Do not be tricked by hidden information. This question was very tricky because it required you to look at Experiment 1 and the introduction to find out information about Experiment 2. Know that the answer to Experimental Design questions will always be buried within the passage. So keep digging! Comparing and Contrasting Experiments Comparing and Contrasting Experiment Questions areanother type of Experimental Design question.As I mentioned earlier, ACT Science passages will often give you multiple experiments or studies in the same passage.They will be labeled Experiment 1 / 2 / 3 or Study 1 / 2 / 3.NOTE: Sometimes there are only 2 experiments/studies, not 3.They'll deal with the same general topic but differ from each other in important ways. Here's an example mini-passage: Scientists wanted to study the impact of different types of gas on the mileage of the Toyota Prius Hybrid.In Study 1, each Toyota Prius received a full tank of either unleaded gasoline. The car then drove 100 miles on the highway at 55 mph. The amount of remaining gasoline was measured.In Study 2, the experiment was repeated, but the cars were given premium gasoline instead of unleaded. The amount of remaining gasoline was measured. Great. Let's break this down.What are the scientists studying here?It's in the first sentence - they want to study the impact of different types of gas on the mileage of the Toyota Prius. In what ways are the two studies similar?In nearly every way - in both, the cars drove 100 miles on the highway at 55 mph, and they measured the amount of remaining gasoline. In what ways are the two studies different?This is key - in study 2, the scientist used premium gasoline instead of unleaded.In this way, they changed the experiment a little bit so they could find something new. ACT Science Tip #4: Real ACT Science passages may not be this easy, but it's the same concept. Some things will remain the same between experiments, but there will always be key differences. Make sure you canfigure out these differences. Learning Checkpoint - what were the independent and dependent variables here?The independent variable was the type of gas used: unleaded or premium. The dependent variable was what was measured: the amount of gas remaining. Why Did They Do X? This is another type of Experimental Design question, in which you are asked why the scientists decided to make a certain choice in the experimental design. For example: As we did before, let’s try to figure out what the question is asking us.I don’t know what â€Å"tared† means, so I’m going to skim the passage.According to the passage, Tared means that the balance of the scale was reset to 0 g.So the question is saying, the students reset the scale to 0 g after putting a cylinder on it in order to better measure what?Also, according to the passage, the students were resetting the scale to 0g and then filling the cylinder with liquid.In order to answer the question, we need to figure what were the students measuring? Well, according to table 1 and the passage, the students measured Mass of H2O (g), Mass of Ethanol (g), Total Mass (g), and Density (g/mL).The point of the experiment was to measure the mass of H2O and Ethanol and total mass of the liquid, so the scientists did not want to measure the mass of the cylinder.So, the scientists reset the scale to 0g to exclude the mass of the cylinder when measuring the H2O, Ethanol, and combined liquid.Therefore, the answer is F. ACT Science Tip #5: In most cases, the answer to this is to make the experiment more robust.Scientists really care about bias or messing up the experiment with unintended side effects.By simplifying the experiment (in this case, by not measuring the cylinder), the scientists can be more certainthat their results are accurate. Hypothetical Changes in the Experiment Almost all questions of this skill type will ask something like, "Suppose the experiments had been repeated, except instead of _____, the scientists did _____. What would you expect to happen?" Here's a real ACT Science practice question along with the necessary visuals to answer the question: First, understand what the question is asking - how is the experiment being changed, and what are we measuring?The question is asking about using a 5 L vessel and adding 7 g of CO2.The experiment is being changed because in the original experiments a 3 L vessel and a 6 L vessel were used.The new experiment is still measuring the same thing: pressure at 7g of CO2 added. Then, figure out from the visuals what they tell you about the relationship between the variables.Are they directly proportional, or inversely proportional?In this case, we can see mass of gas added is directly proportional to pressure (for more information about relationships, check out our other article - LINK) Finally, answer the question incorporating all this knowledge.In the experiment in the 6 L vessel, the pressure at 7 g of CO2 added was about 500 torr.In the experiment in the 3 L vessel, the pressure at 7 g of CO2 added was about 1000 torr.So, if a 5 L vessel is used instead, which is in between 3 and 6 L (though closer to 6 L), the pressure at 7 g of CO2 added will be between 500 and 1000 torr.So, the answer is G. ACT Science Tip #6: The way to solve these questions remains the same, no matter how complicated the questions get. Recap There are 2 types of studies: Observational, where the scientists simply observe and measure data. Experimental, where the scientists design and conduct an experiment. There are 3 kinds of Experimental Design Questions: Independent and Dependent Variable Questions Comparing and Contrasting Experiments Why did they do X? You will also be asked about hypothetical changes to the experiment.The strategy is the same for all four types of questions: Start byfiguring out what the question is asking. Which experiment/study is it referring to? What is it asking about? Variables? Hypothetical changes? Next, look at the corresponding visuals for help answering the question. If you need more information, skim the passage, start by skimming the experiment or study that the question asks about. Skim the rest of the passage if you still haven’t found what you are looking for. Use process of elimination to help you narrow your focus. Do not be tricked by hidden information. Keep digging until you cananswer the question. What’s Next? Now that you have the Experimental Design and Hypothetical Questions covered, if you haven’t already, learn tips and strategies for theothertypes of ACT Science questions such asfactual questionsand the hardest ACT Science questions. Also, learn about the best way to study and practice for ACT Science. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Sciencelesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: Have friends who also need help with test prep? 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